Tirzepatide

A dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist medication used for type 2 diabetes (Mounjaro) and chronic weight management (Zepbound).

Tirzepatide is a first-in-class dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist developed by Eli Lilly. It was FDA-approved in 2022 (Mounjaro, for type 2 diabetes) and 2023 (Zepbound, for chronic weight management). Tirzepatide simultaneously activates two distinct gut-hormone receptor pathways: GLP-1 (appetite suppression, slowed gastric emptying, insulin secretion) and GIP (enhanced fat metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and potentiation of GLP-1 effects). In the SURMOUNT-1 trial (Jastreboff et al., NEJM 2022), adults taking tirzepatide 15 mg weekly lost an average of 20.9% of their body weight at 72 weeks — the highest weight loss demonstrated by any approved anti-obesity medication to date. Tirzepatide is administered as a once-weekly subcutaneous injection. Compounded tirzepatide (prepared by state-licensed compounding pharmacies) is a different product from FDA-approved branded tirzepatide and has not been evaluated by the FDA for safety, efficacy, or quality. Compounded formulations may differ from the branded versions.

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This glossary is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about your individual health.